电影芝加哥英文简介

『壹』 芝加哥用英语介绍

Chicago is the largest city in Illinois and the third most-populous city in the United States. The city has approximately 2.7 million residents. Itsmetropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third-largest in the United States,with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County,though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.

『贰』 急求电影芝加哥的英文介绍！！！

The story is full of murder, greed, corruption, violence, selfishness, altery, betrayal - all we see and hear every day. It is a farce, because inside the plot and be a wild legend laugh, it is also a satirical drama, drama of the legal profession and the Performing Arts at real outrageous. Of course, in the end, it's just a musical, and it's a musical drama with rich scenes, beautiful characters, songs and dancing, and people who forget the worries and worries.

『叁』 急求几部美剧的英文简介!!!!

Gregory "Greg" House, M.D., is a fictional character and protagonist of the American medical drama House. Portrayed by Hugh Laurie, the character is a maverick medical genius who heads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital.

其他直接去WIKIPEDIA就有了

『肆』 求电影芝加哥简介，简短点的

剧情

二十年代初的芝加哥城。

娆卡姬·哈特在芝加哥为数众多的歌舞团里作一名小小的伴舞，当然她也和其他人一样梦想着有朝一日成为明星。她已经结婚，可惜丈夫阿摩斯虽然是个好得不能再好的老实人，却因为太过平庸而没有任何光彩，那种走到哪里都不会让任何人再看他第二眼的人。一天，娆卡姬发现她的恋人，本区的邮差背着她勾引别的女人，一怒之下，她开枪打死了邮差。娆卡姬被带到了女子监狱，从此，她的生活就大大不同了。

『伍』 电影《芝加哥》讲的什么故事

风城”芝加哥遍藏着冒险和成功的机遇，使罗克西-哈特(Roxie Hart，芮妮-齐薇格饰，Renee Zellweger)这位外表天真的歌舞演员没了方向。她梦想着靠自己在歌唱和舞蹈方面的天赋，改变平淡的生活。罗克西有一个愿望，就是有朝一日能成为象维尔玛-凯利(Velma Kelly，凯瑟琳-泽塔-琼斯饰，Catherine Zeta-Jones)那样的歌舞明星。

造化弄人，这二个大、小明星分别因谋杀指控而被关进监狱，罗克西也终于有机会与自己仰慕已久的明星相处一室。
每个地方都有它自己的传奇，芝加哥也有。但是，与每个地方不同的是，芝加哥的传奇，只能写有一个人的名字……维尔玛(凯瑟琳·泽塔琼斯饰)是一个歌舞演员，本来名气不是很大。当她在发现自己的妹妹和花心的丈夫睡在了同一张床上后，一怒之下射杀了两人。这之后，伴随着媒体的争相报道，她反而成为了一个准名人。虽然关在监狱里，虽然背着谋杀的官司，但是芝加哥最能颠倒黑白的律师比利(理查·吉尔饰)在后面帮助她为她宣传造市，她还有什么可以担心的呢？反而是未来的事业前景，一片看好。但是，另外一件相似的谋杀案碰巧在此时发生了。一心梦想成为歌舞演员却被男友欺骗的罗克茜(蕾妮·齐薇格饰)也一气之下射杀了男友，被关进了监狱。律师比利发现罗克茜的案件更加能够吸引公众目光，就准备推迟维尔玛的案件来借助罗克茜一案赢得更大的声名。罗克茜凭借自己的楚楚可怜的外表，果然赢得了公众的瞩目和同情，她的名气正在一天天超过维尔玛。嫉妒的维尔玛与期待成名的罗克茜两人之间，面临着一场名气大战。而最后的胜者，会是谁呢？返回页顶 法尔玛·凯丽是家夜总会的当红脱衣舞女，在开枪射杀了她那到处沾花惹草的丈夫之后，更是成为全城最引人瞩目的女谋杀犯。而代理法尔玛杀夫案的律师则是惯于借助各类臭名昭著的谋杀案来提升知名度的比利·福林。于是乎各路传媒也是争先恐后，极尽其能，深怕错过了这两位“大人物”的新闻。正当法尔玛陶醉于从聚光灯到镁光灯的“升格”快感中时，贪婪的比利又盯上了另一个可以让他声名大噪的委托人洛克茜。在入狱之前，洛克茜是个充满幻想的女孩，在她看来芝加哥是个代表着希望与机会的地方，自己的歌声与舞姿也一定能够成就多年的明星梦。然而洛克茜却成了杀人犯，她杀死了背叛自己的男友。为了当上洛克茜的律师，比利故意推迟了法尔玛的庭审时间。在比利的精心“包装”之下，洛克茜不再是遭人唾弃的杀人犯，而成了令人怜惜的受害者，各路市侩传媒更是心领神会，将焦点从法尔玛转向了洛克茜。法尔玛自然不甘于人后，而此时“一杀成名”的洛克茜也尝到了甜头，一场不知廉耻的成名闹剧进入了高潮……返回页顶 影片以两位“杀夫女豪杰”通过杀人一举成名、踏上明星路的遭遇，以及律师比利和媒体的炒作，揭示了不择手段求成名的世态。法尔玛?凯丽是家夜总会的当红脱衣舞女，在开枪射杀了她那到处沾花惹草的丈夫之后，更是成为全城最引人瞩目的女谋杀犯。而代理法尔玛杀夫案的律师则是惯于借助各类臭名昭著的谋杀案来提升知名度的比利?福林。于是乎各路传媒也是争先恐后，极尽其能，深怕错过了这两位“大人物”的新闻。正当法尔玛陶醉于从聚光灯到镁光灯的“升格”快感中时，贪婪的比利又盯上了另一个可以让他声名大噪的委托人洛克茜。在入狱之前，洛克茜是个充满幻想的女孩，在她看来芝加哥是个代表着希望与机会的地方，自己的歌声与舞姿也一定能够成就多年的明星梦。然而洛克茜却成了杀人犯，她杀死了背叛自己的男友。为了当上洛克茜的律师，比利故意推迟了法尔玛的庭审时间。在比利的精心“包装”之下，洛克茜不再是遭人唾弃的杀人犯，而成了令人怜惜的受害者，各路市侩传媒更是心领神会，将焦点从法尔玛转向了洛克茜。法尔玛自然不甘于人后，而此时“一杀成名”的洛克茜也尝到了甜头，一场不知廉耻的成名闹剧进入了高潮……

本片根据约翰-坎德(John Kander)、弗雷德-埃伯(Fred Ebb)和鲍勃-福斯(Bob Fosse)的同名获奖音乐剧改编而成，片中充斥着阴谋、爱情、背叛、竞争和友谊。随着罗克西的世界从监狱转到法庭演绎，这部盛大的音乐歌舞片迅捷地在现实和幻觉之间切换，推动着剧情发展。(

『陆』 英文电影简介（英语）

The Fifth Element
Two hundred and fifty years in the future, life as we know it is threatened by the arrival of Evil. Only the fifth element can stop the Evil from extinguishing life, as it tries to do every five thousand years. She is helped by ex-soldier, current-cab-driver, Korben Dallas, who is, in turn, helped by Prince/Arsenio clone, Ruby Rhod. Unfortunately, Evil is being assisted by Mr. Zorg, who seeks to profit from the chaos that Evil will bring, and his alien mercenaries.。]

1914年的埃及，生活在外星球的种族蒙多沃旺人到地球上他们祖先建造的庙宇朝拜，并且取回代表四种元素的四块石头以及第五元素。镜头转到未来23世纪，蒙多少旺族的飞船在接近地球时被代表邪恶势力的曼加洛雷人击毁，残余基因被保存下来复制出的具有人类女性特点的莉卢成为幸存者，她就是第五元素。她爱上了纽约的出租车司机科本。他俩被安排去失乐园取回那四块石头，以保卫地球免受摧毁，莉卢逐渐了解了人类，科本和莉卢成为一对情人，邪恶势力也最终被战胜。

Godzilla
A montage of French nuclear tests in the Pacific Ocean, observed by many marine iguanas. Then, in present days, a Japanese fishing ship is being attacked by an unseen monster; only one survived. Traumatized, he is later questioned in a hospital by a mysterious Frenchman and repeatedly says only one word --"Gojira". NRC scientist Niko "Nick" Tatopolous is called in to investigate the matter, and he quickly arrives at the conclusion that a giant, irradiated lizard known as Godzilla has been created by the explosions. Then Godzilla makes its way north, landing at Manhattan to begin wreaking havoc in the big city! Even with the combined forces of the U.S. military are going to destroy Godzilla at all costs, but will it ever be enough to save the people of New York?

Following the French atomic bomb tests in the South Pacific, an unknown creature is spotted passing eastward through the Panama Canal. Scientist Niko Tatopolous is called in to investigate the matter, and he quickly arrives at the conclusion that a giant, irradiated lizard has been created by the explosions. Godzilla then makes its way north, landing at Manhattan to begin wreaking havoc in the big city. Even with the combined forces of the U.S. military to fight the monster, will it be enough to save the people of New York?

第三世界的外星人想要侵略地球，于是他们创造了机械哥吉拉来作为他们侵略地球的武器，可是地球的英雄哥吉拉以及传说中的守护神西撒王，为了地球人的和平及安全，勇敢的对抗恶势力。哥吉拉终于不负人类的期望，摧了机械哥吉拉，粉碎了外星人想占领地球的美梦，地球又恢复了和平。
Fantastic Four2
With Von Doom back in his homeland of Latveria the fantastic four have new troubles when Galactus has decided that Earth is his next target. When his henchman, The Silver Surfer (Norrin Radd), is sent to Earth he discovers that he's getting more than he bargained for when he encounters the Fantastic Four. But that's not all when Dr. Doom decides that after two years in the homeland he is ready to return

Everything seems to be going great for the Fantastic Four. Reed and Sue are finally getting married, and things couldn't seem better. However, when the mysterious Silver Surfer crashes things, they learn that they will have to deal with an old foe, and the powerful planet eating "Gah Lak Tus."

在星际间穿行的如谜般的“银影侠”来到了地球，咱们多灾多难的地球又一次陷入了危机。正嫌无所事事的无厘头神奇四侠--神奇先生、隐形女、石头人与霹雳火，自然要接下拯救地球于危难之中的大挑战。在银影侠展开毁灭式攻击之前，神奇四侠必须尽快破解他弱点与隐藏其后的秘密，而上一集中“生死未卜”的“毁灭博士”，也开始了背后捣乱。

I, robot
Set in a future Earth (2035 A.D.) where robots are common assistants and workers for their human owners, this is the story of "robotophobic" Chicago Police Detective Del Spooner's investigation into the murder of Dr. Alfred Lanning, who works at U.S. Robotics, in which a robot, Sonny, appears to be implicated, even though that would mean the robot had violated the Three Laws of Robotics, which is apparently impossible. It seems impossible because.. if robots can break those laws, there's nothing to stop them from taking over the world, as humans have grown to become completely dependent upon their robots. Or maybe... they already have? Aiding Spooner in his investigation is a psychologist, Dr. Susan Calvin, who specializes in the psyches of robots.

It's 2035 A.D., where robots are everyday objects and are programmed to live alongside humans. Detective Del Spooner is called out to investigate the apparent suicide of the scientist behind these robots, Dr. Alfred Lanning. Spooner suspects that the death might not be a suicide, but the result of one of the robots. All robots are programmed by three laws, but Spooner starts to wonder if a robot can in fact feel emotions, and possibly murder. But if Spooner's suspicions are true, he is going to have a hard time convincing everyone
西元2035年，美国USR公司发展出顶级机器人「NS-5自动化家事助手」，全美机器人即刻呈现三倍数成长，平均每5人就配备1个机器人。NS-5拥有强化耐久钛金属外壳，可执行各种任务，从保母、厨师、快递、遛狗到会计家庭收支，无所不能。不料，此刻惊传机器人发明家阿佛列朗宁博士惨遭NS-5机器人谋杀的骇人消息。人类被迫重新面对以生命信任的机器人，但是，机器人值得人类信赖吗？
芝加哥警探史普纳（威尔史密斯饰）喜欢老式打扮，怀念过去那个简单的时代。他厌恶科技和机器人，却身处由科技和机器人组成的世界。他积极投入调查朗宁博士的谋杀案，偏偏奉派和他搭档的机器人心理学家苏珊卡文博士（布丽姬莫纳罕饰）崇尚逻辑、科学，喜欢机器人胜过人类。他们各自坚持的信念，即将把他们逼上危险之路，因为人类和机器人，都没有他们想像的简单……

The day after tomorrow
What if we are on the brink of a new Ice Age? This is the question that haunts climatologic Jack Hall. Hall's research indicates that global warming could trigger an abrupt and catastrophic shift in the planet's climate. While Jack warns the White House of the impending climate shift, his 17 year-old son Sam finds himself trapped in New York City where he and some friends have been competing in a high school academic competition. He must now cope with the severe flooding and plummeting temperatures in Manhattan. Having taken refuge inside the Manhattan Public Library, Sam manages to reach his father by phone. Jack only has time for one warning: stay inside at all costs. As full-scale, massive evacuations to the south begin, Jack heads north to New York City to save Sam. But not even Jack is prepared for what is about to happen--to him, to his son, and to his planet.

影片讲述温室效应造成地球气候异变，全球即将陷入第二次冰河纪的故事。全片汇集了大量顶尖特效，由于影片中气候异变是先由海水因气温急速下降而骤然冰冻，因此包括自由女神、艾菲尔铁塔、伦敦大笨钟都将被冻成冰柱，场面极为壮观。当然除了铺天盖地的自然威胁之外，也将细密交织父子及男女之间刻骨铭心的动人情感。

『柒』 芝加哥概况(英文介绍，带中文翻译）

提供素材，你自己连起来
它是美国第三大城市，人们将这座城市称为“风城”（The Windy City）、“第二城”（The Second City）、“芝城”（ChiTown）、“世界屠猪城”（Hog Butcher for the World）、“巨肩之城”（City of the Big Shoulders）、“劳动之城”（The City That Works）。如此多的称呼指的都是一座城市——芝加哥（Chicago）。

下面是英文Chicago (city, Illinois), city and seat of Cook County, located in northeastern Illinois, on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago River. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States and one of the country’s leading instrial, commercial, transportation, and financial centers.

Chicago covers a land area of 588.2 sq km (227.1 sq mi) and extends 47 km (29 mi) along Lake Michigan. It occupies flatland traversed by two short rivers: the Chicago River, which flows west from the lake through the downtown area, where it forks into a North Branch and a South Branch; and the Calumet River, in the south, which connects with the small Lake Calumet. Both rivers are linked by canals with the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, establishing Chicago as the connecting point in the waterway between the Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway. The city’s rapid growth was e in large part to its location, with ready access to markets and raw materials.

II POPULATION

After a population decline since the 1950s, the population of Chicago increased from 2,783,726 in 1990 to 2,896,016 in 2000. According to the 2000 census, whites constitute 42 percent of the city’s population; blacks, 36.8 percent; Asians, 4.3 percent; Native Americans, 0.4 percent; and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, 0.1 percent. People of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity were 16.5 percent of inhabitants. Hispanics, who may be of any race, represent 26 percent of the city’s population.

Chicago is the center of a large metropolitan area spreading across three states, from Kenosha, Wisconsin, in the north to Gary, Indiana, in the southeast. The population of the consolidated metropolitan statistical area increased from 8,115,000 in 1980 to 8,240,000 in 1990. It reached 9,157,500 in 2000. The percentage of minorities is lower in the metropolitan area than in the city. Blacks account for only about one in five in the metropolitan region as a whole, and Hispanics represent approximately one in nine residents. While the proportion of Hispanics is growing in the metropolitan area, black presence has remained mostly unchanged.

Almost every ethnic group found in the United States is represented in Chicago. In 1990 more people claimed German ancestry in Chicago than any other ancestry, followed by Polish and Irish. Almost 45 percent of the more than 450,000 foreign-born people now living in Chicago entered the United States between 1980 and 1990. Spanish and Polish are the two most common languages spoken at home other than English.

III ECONOMY

Chicago has a highly diversified economy that has been aided by an extensive transportation and distribution network. It is the nation’s most important rail and trucking center and is the location of one of the busiest airports in the United States, Chicago-O’Hare International Airport. Chicago has several commuter railroad lines that serve the suburbs. In addition, the Chicago Transit Authority operates bus, subway, and EL (elevated train) services in the city.

The city is a significant port for both domestic and international trade. Great Lakes freighters and river barges deliver bulk commodities such as iron ore, limestone, coal, chemicals, petroleum, and grain. Some of this freight is destined for processing plants in the heavily instrialized Calumet River area. Foreign vessels arrive via the St. Lawrence Seaway, bringing procts such as automobiles, steel, fish, and alcoholic beverages. The boats depart carrying machinery, farm equipment, hides, and lumber, as well as a variety of food procts.

Manufacturing employs about one-fifth of the metropolitan area’s workers. Chicago’s largest employer is the food procts instry, followed by the printing and publishing, metal fabrication, electronic equipment, chemical, machinery, and transportation-equipment instries. The manufacture of furniture and agricultural implements has declined in importance in recent decades. Chicago is one of the nation’s leading procers of steel, metalware, confectionery, surgical appliances, railroad equipment, soap, paint, cosmetics, cans, instrial machinery, printed materials, and sporting goods.

Chicago contains the headquarters of numerous corporations and is an important wholesale market for grain, machine tools, proce, fish, and flowers. The Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange are among the world’s largest commodities markets and have led in the development of futures trading and related concepts. The city has long been an important convention and trade-show center, with numerous hotels and extensive exhibition facilities. The increasing importance of this instry has made it necessary to renovate and enlarge several facilities, including the McCormick Place (built in 1960), a multipurpose facility on Lake Michigan and the largest trade-show facility in North America.

IV THE URBAN LANDSCAPE

The Chicago River divides the city into three broad sections, known traditionally as the North, West, and South sides. The North Side is largely residential, interspersed with instry. The West Side generally is a lower-income residential area and contains numerous instrial, railroad, and wholesale-proce facilities. The South Side occupies almost half the city and contains diverse residential neighborhoods, ranging from decayed tenement districts to areas of modest detached houses. The South Side also incorporates the heavily instrialized Calumet district, which includes an extensive port area.

Chicago has one of the world’s most beautiful lakefronts. With the exception of a few miles of instry on its southern extremity, virtually the entire lakefront is devoted to recreational uses, with beaches, museums, harbors, and parks. The lakefront parks include three of the city’s most important: Grant Park, near downtown; Lincoln Park, to the north; and Jackson Park to the south.

The downtown area, known locally as the Loop (from the fact that it is encircled by elevated railway tracks), has been undergoing rapid change and expansion. It is an important retail and entertainment district, although these instries are spreading, especially to the Michigan Avenue area north of downtown and to the growing suburbs. The decline in manufacturing in the downtown area is offset by the continuing construction of tall office buildings and, to a lesser extent, of residential buildings.

V POINTS OF INTEREST

The world’s first skyscraper was constructed in Chicago in 1885, spawning the Chicago School of architecture. Among the renowned architects whose buildings have shaped the city’s skyline are Louis Sullivan, William Le Baron Jenney, Daniel H. Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Helmut Jahn. In the central part of the city are several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Sears Tower, 110 stories high. Many of these buildings, including the Sears Tower, have observation decks that are open to the public.

In August 1995 the new Navy Pier Center opened in Chicago. Built on a pier constructed ring World War I (1914-1918), the new center includes a 15,800-sq-m (170,000–sq-ft) exposition center, an ice-skating rink, a 3,000-sq-m (32,000-sq-ft) botanical garden, and a Ferris wheel that is 46 m (150 ft) tall.

VI EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

Chicago has one of the largest public school systems in the United States. The Chicago Board of Ecation administers the system in a centralized fashion; in recent years it has been experimenting with local school councils as a means of partial devolution of authority. These councils, established in 1989, have authority in several areas, including the ability to approve budgets and curriculum. In addition, Chicago has many private schools, including large parochial systems maintained by the Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches. Chicago is a center of higher ecation, with numerous colleges and universities. The University of Chicago (1891) was in 1942 the site of the world’s first controlled nuclear chain reaction. Among the other schools of higher learning are Northwestern University (1851), with campuses in both Chicago and nearby Evanston; the Illinois Institute of Technology (1890); Roosevelt University (1945); Loyola University of Chicago (1870); DePaul University (1898); Chicago State University (1867); Northeastern Illinois University (1961); and the University of Illinois at Chicago (1965).

Chicago contains many museums. These include the Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; the Art Institute of Chicago, one of the country’s largest art museums; the Field Museum; and the John G. Shedd Aquarium, the world’s largest, all of which are in the Grant Park area. In Hyde Park are the Oriental Institute Museum, which contains a collection of antiquities from the Middle East; the Du Sable Museum of African-American History; and the Museum of Science and Instry. In Lincoln Park are the Chicago Academy of Sciences and the Chicago Historical Society; the latter is known for its material on Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War (1861-1865). Also in the city is the Museum of Contemporary Art. The Harold Washington Library Center is the headquarters of the Chicago Public Library. The largest municipal library building in the United States, it is named for the first black mayor of Chicago, who served from 1983 to 1987. The public library, with 79 branches, has a collection of about 6 million books, with representative collections in 35 languages and small collections in more than 300 languages. The Newberry Library is a reference library containing an important collection focused on the humanities, including holdings on Native Americans, the history of printing, and cartography. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1891, is considered one of the finest in the world. The city’s opera company is The Lyric Opera, founded in 1954.

Chicago is also home to many professional sports teams. The Chicago Cubs baseball team plays at Wrigley Field; the Chicago White Sox baseball team, at Comiskey Park; the Chicago Bears football team, at Soldier Field; and the Chicago Blackhawks ice hockey and Chicago Bulls basketball teams, at the United Center, a new facility that opened in 1994.

VII HISTORY

In 1673 French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet passed through what is now Chicago. They found a low, swampy area that the region’s Native Americans, mainly Sac (Sauk), Mesquakie, and Potawatomi, called “Checagou,” referring to the wild onion that grew in marshlands along Lake Michigan. About a century later, Jean Baptiste Point Sable, a Haitian trader, established the first permanent dwelling near the mouth of the Chicago River. In 1803 the U.S. Army built Fort Dearborn along the river to protect the strategic waterway linkage. At the beginning of the War of 1812, the fort was evacuated, and nearly all the soldiers and settlers were killed by Native Americans; the fort was destroyed. It was rebuilt in 1816, but settlement remained sparse until the Native Americans were removed in the mid-1830s.

By 1837, spurred by harbor improvements and the start of construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, Chicago’s population had reached 4,000, and the community was incorporated as a city. Growth was rapid and was soon bolstered by the completion of the canal, in 1848, and the coming of the railroads, in the early 1850s. The consolidated Union Stock Yards opened in 1865; cattle, hogs, and sheep were shipped by rail to Chicago for slaughter and packing. Attracted by economic opportunities, immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia settled in Chicago. The city was first predominantly a port and trading center for raw materials from the Midwest and finished goods from the East, but it soon developed as a national railroad junction and an important manufacturing center. Waves of immigrants, including Poles, Jews from many countries, Serbs, Russians, Czechs, Lithuanians, Italians, and Greeks, arrived in the city. Social reformers Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Hull House (1889) to address immigrants’ needs and to lobby for reform. The generally low-paying jobs and substandard living conditions of immigrants in Chicago were exposed in the 1906 novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. The years of World War I (1914-1918) marked the beginning of the great migration north of Southern blacks seeking better opportunities.

From October 8 to 10, 1871, a great fire killed at least 250 people, left 90,000 homeless, and destroyed about 10 sq km (about 4 sq mi) of central Chicago (nearly one-third of the total area). According to legend, the fire started when a cow kicked over a lantern in a backyard shed after an extreme dry spell had left the city particularly susceptible to fire. The city was quickly rebuilt and continued its rapid growth. The fire’s chief consequence was to reorient the retail business district away from the Chicago River toward a new axis along State Street.

During the second half of the 19th century, the city’s large instrial-worker population campaigned actively for an eight-hour work day, better working conditions, and better wages. Workers clashed with police on several occasions, including the Haymarket Square Riot of May 4, 1886. Two civilians and seven policemen were killed, and approximately 150 people were wounded. In nearby Pullman on June 27, 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company, a manufacturer of railroad sleeping cars, went on strike to protest unfair wage practices and unfavorable living and working conditions in the company town. The American Railway Union responded with a sympathy strike. Workers and their families were attacked by railroad deputies, federal troops, and city police. At least 30 people were killed and 100 wounded before the strike was broken on July 17.

By 1890, mainly because of the city’s annexation of numerous suburbs, Chicago’s population had surpassed 1 million. Three years later the city hosted the World’s Columbian Exposition, commemorating the 400th anniversary of the European arrival in America. Daniel Burnham, the chief architect of the exposition, later developed a plan to guide Chicago’s physical expansion through the 20th century. His Plan of Chicago, published in 1909, proposed a network of parks along Lake Michigan and throughout the city, a system of avenues connecting the center city with its suburbs and the suburbs with one another, and various other features. Much of the plan was implemented in subsequent decades.

Alternate periods of corruption and reform characterized the city’s political history in the early 20th century. In the summer of 1919 race riots erupted throughout the United States, the worst occurring in Chicago on July 27. When a black youth swimming in Lake Michigan drifted into an area reserved for whites, he was stoned and drowned. Police refused to arrest the white man whom black observers considered responsible, and angry crowds gathered on the beach. Violence erupted and continued throughout the city for several days, resulting in 38 dead, 537 injured, and 1,000 black families left homeless. The riots shocked the nation and prompted many to launch efforts toward racial equality through volunteer organizations and reform legislation. During the Prohibition era (1919-1933) Chicago became notorious for its bootleggers and gangsters, such as Al Capone and “Bugs” Moran, and for the ruthless gang warfare in which they engaged. The latter was epitomized by the infamous Saint Valentine’s Day massacre of 1929, in which Capone won control of Chicago’s underworld when unidentified indivials, some dressed as police officers, killed six of Moran’s gangsters and associates.

The population of Chicago continued to grow until it reached a peak of more than 3.6 million in 1950. Since World War II ended in 1945, Chicago has experienced an increase in its black and Hispanic populations, which have moved into formerly white residential areas as whites moved to the rapidly growing suburbs. Since the early 1950s, numerous projects, such as extensive slum clearance and rehabilitation and the construction of a network of expressways, have been undertaken to alleviate urban decay and ensure the future prosperity of the central area. The latest improvement is the Deep Tunnel project, an underground network of tunnels, reservoirs, and pollution-control systems designed to hold excess storm water and sewage. Deep Tunnel, begun in 1976, is one of the largest municipal public-works projects in the history of the United States. When the project is fully completed, it will comprise 180 km (110 mi) of tunnels.

Chicago has a tradition of provocative, sometimes controversial political leadership. Mayor William Hale Thompson led a deeply corrupt administration ring the 1920s. Richard J. Daley, the archetypal city “boss,” served as mayor from 1955 to 1976. A Democrat, Daley wielded a great deal of power in this largely Democratic city. He governed by the spoils system (rewarding political allies with jobs), and he delivered many local votes for Democratic presidential candidates. In 1968 protesters staged a demonstration against the Vietnam War in Chicago ring the Democratic presidential convention. Daley ordered aggressive police action to quash the protest. The ensuing violence by police led to several days of rioting.

Following Daley’s death in 1976, ward politics decentralized under successive mayors, including the city’s first woman mayor, Jane Byrne (1979-1983), and its first black mayor, Harold Washington (1983-1987). Washington built a progressive, interracial coalition, but the coalition did not survive the mayor’s untimely death in 1987. In 1989 Richard M. Daley, the son of Richard J. Daley, became mayor of Chicago; he was reelected in 1991, 1995, and 1999.

In April 1992 an engineering accident at a bridge reconstruction project sent river water rushing into the city’s abandoned underground freight tunnels; the resulting flood caused extensive damage to the downtown district. The flood disrupted markets at the Chicago Board of Trade for a week and closed the subway for 25 days.

In the 2000 national census, the city of Chicago showed a population increase for the first time in 50 years. This gain was e to a variety of factors. The city experienced an influx of immigrants, especially Hispanics and Asians. In addition, the city government tried to attract and retain residents by undertaking urban renewal projects and improving public schools. The city was also able to provide economic incentives to businesses because of the economic boom of the 1990s.

『捌』 芝加哥的剧情简介

“风城”芝加哥遍藏着冒险和成功的机遇，使罗克西·哈特（芮妮·齐薇格饰）这位外表天真的歌舞演员没了方向。她梦想着靠自己在歌唱和舞蹈方面的天赋，改变平淡的生活。罗克西有一个愿望，就是有朝一日能成为像维尔玛·凯利（凯瑟琳·泽塔-琼斯饰）那样的歌舞明星。 造化弄人，这二个大、小明星分别因谋杀指控而被关进监狱，罗克西也终于有机会与自己仰慕已久的明星相处一室。
在女舍监莫顿（奎因·拉提法饰）的安排下，罗克西约见了富有传奇色彩的律师比利·弗林（理查德·基尔饰）。因为不菲的律师费，比利接下了罗克西的案子。经比利的炒作，罗克西的名气一发而不可收，这让她的"良师益友"凯利陷入了苦恼。但是，聪明的凯利小姐在二次复出后为罗克西准备了意想不到的反击。