① 求反映中美教育沖突的電影或者電視劇片段
當今社會在市場經濟刺激下,電視作品的成功與否,很大程度上取決於觀眾的喜好,即收視率。收視率成為衡量電視劇成功與否的重要指標。以《越獄》、《迷失》、等為代表的美劇的在網上迅速走火;與此同時,《金婚》、《潛伏》等國產電視劇收視率也節節高攀,成為人們討論和關注的焦點。基於兩者不同的題材與敘事風格,分析收視率持續創高的原因,兩者背後的敘事差異,與觀眾不同的審美期待。
關鍵詞:文化差異 敘事風格 審美期待
一、中式平民情節與美式英雄主義
當前中國的社會構成中,中低文化水平人口仍然占很大比重,據中國國家統計局在2006年2月28日宣布的統計結果顯示:中國內地城鎮人口為5.62億(佔43%),農村人口為 7.45億(佔57%)。平民是構成我國社會結構的主體和中堅力量。優秀的電視作品總是能引起社會絕大多數人群的認可的,而收視率的提高也有賴於這部分人群的努力。07年熱播的《貧嘴張大民的幸福生活》,之後《鄉村愛情》、《金婚》無一不是在演繹老百姓自己的故事。就算是《士兵突擊》等軍隊題材以及近期火熱的《潛伏》為代表的諜戰題材電視劇,在故事情節上和人物性格塑造方面都能引起觀眾情感上和思想上廣泛的共鳴。
美國是新興的資產階級國家,他的電視作品中也有平民主義的傾向,反映社會中小人物的命運,最大程度的貼近生活。同時,個人英雄主義更是美劇中的一大特色,從早期的電影西部片,懲惡揚善;到之後的警匪片,懸疑片,一切都好像中國戲劇一樣有特定的程式。就算是反面人物,也是為了聲張正義而生。《越獄》的成功就說明了這一點,也反映了觀眾不同的審美期待。中國觀眾長期接受正統教育,遵紀守法,不違反法律和道德也是中國社會賴以穩定和諧的基礎。而《越獄》挑戰了國家和法律,這一點不同於國產電視劇,這種審美差異造成了新的期待。
二、不同的敘事題材來源於文化的差異
1958年 6月15日,自我國的第一部電視劇《一口萊餅子》起,中華民族傳統的倫理道德觀念與故事的親和力便深深地根植於電視劇中,強調天、地、人和諧的理想境界,成為中國特定民族審美心理積淀。所以,中國的電視劇中重視情理的統一,因此家庭倫理劇在中國的電視連續劇中占很大的比重。老百姓喜歡看別人的家長里短,喜怒哀樂,悲歡離合。
美國是一個強調自由、民主和博愛的社會,少受殖民統治,生性都熱情奔放,電視劇內容豐富,少受政治的局限,面臨激勵的競爭,極度商業化,節目製作日趨精良,內容也非常的豐富。美國電視劇是美國社會的文化,政治和經濟的重要表徵,透過美國電視劇,我們可以直接地感受到美國社會的情感、想像、價值、身份乃至時代的現狀和演變。
因此,在中國流行歷史奇幻色彩的清宮戲、武俠片,反映現實社會生活題材的都市言情劇,家庭倫理劇,以及不斷反映人們對現實不滿等的反腐倡廉題材電視劇等,這些都和中國社會的文化、歷史和現實背景緊密相關。而美國的西部片、醫生律師劇、驚險動作劇等,代表的是美國社會主流價值觀眾的拓荒精神、冒險精神和專業精神。
三、敘事手法與結構的差異
中國電視劇遵循「開端-發展-高潮-結局」經典式敘事結構,並且結局大多為封閉式大團圓結局;美國電視劇喜歡開放式,循環式的結局。每一集的情節沒有明確的結束,人物性格也不會隨著劇情而變化,而是固執地一成不變,但卻成為推動每一集故事發展的動力。
中國的家庭倫理劇占電視劇的很大一部分比重,反映社會現實,堅持善惡有終的原則,緩解觀眾心中的不平之氣;美國觀眾里,中產階級占很大比重,由於他們的收看電視時間不固定,所以追求完全的娛樂和釋放壓力的機會,更傾向於在較短的時間內接受到最多的信息量。中國電視劇的每集的結尾,每每都留有懸念,像中國古代的章回體小說,給觀眾一種強加的收看願望:「欲知後事如何,請聽下回分解。」敘事手法上:「不平衡-平衡-不平衡」。故事只有一個核心事件,每一集都圍繞它展開;而美國電視劇則相反:「平衡-不平衡-平衡」,每個小故事本身有一個核心事件。《越獄》便是這樣的電視劇,每集獨立成篇,來發展人物和不同的事件,不影響觀眾的理解和社會構成有很大關系。
② 一部體現中美大學校園差異的電影
直接體現中美大學校園差異的電影很少,不過可以通過美國電影和國產電影來發現差異:
一、展現美國校園生活的相關電影
1、美劇《緋聞女孩》系列,是展現當代美國私人高中貴族學校生活的代表作品
2、《死亡詩社》,是展現上世紀的美國男子大學預科學校生活的代表作品(故事虛構的是1959年美國佛蒙特州的威爾頓男子預備學院生活,影片的實際拍攝地是位於特拉華州的聖安德魯學校)
3、《愛在哈佛》,是展現現代美國知名大學校園生活的代表作(該劇以美國名校哈佛大學為背景,是全景立體化的描寫留學生的愛情和野心的劇集)
4、《律政俏佳人3》,各類美國青春校園劇的情景,在片中都有體現
二、展現中國校園生活相關電影
1、《那些年一起追的女孩》,《不能說的秘密》是當代台灣高中及大學校園生活的代表作品
2、《老男孩》,是大陸60、70一代人群高中及大學校園生活的代表作品
3、《青春期》系列,是當代大陸85後高中、大學校園生活的代表作品
三、直接體現中美校園差異的電影
1、《歌舞青春》系列,分為3部,貌似其中有中國版的
附:美國大學分類及介紹
美國大學分為三大類:綜合性大學University,文理學院Liberal Arts College和社區學院Community College。
1、 綜合性大學 University
是我們所熟知的綜合性大學和理工學院(Institute),包括哈佛大學Harvard University,普林斯頓大學Princeton University等。但也有例外,例如Dartmouth College的達特茅斯大學,Massachusetts Institute of Technology的麻省理工,還有California Institute of Technology加州理工,這幾所學校雖然不是以University命名,但是也是大學。美國大學不僅可以授予學士學位Bachelor Degree,還可以授予更高級的碩士Master Degree或者博士學位PhD Degree,這也是大學最為顯著的特點。
2、 文理學院 Liberal Arts College
其實不太為廣大國人所熟悉。但是文理學院才是構建美國本科教育的重要基石。美國當地人更喜歡文理學院,而且美國文理學院畢業生考取美國名校繼續讀碩士的學生比例要遠遠高於其他兩種院校。如前文所述,Liberal Arts Ecation強調對「人」的教育,而不是對「技藝」的教育,它關注的是如何把人教育成一個能夠獨立思考、具有價值觀念和道德操守、了解文化差異的健康個體。
Liberal Arts Ecation是美國高等教育的特色,它通過對學生的全面教育,培養學生批判性思考能力和分析問題能力。Liberal Arts很多時候由於國內媒體的翻譯被人誤以為是人文教育,其實不然。在美國人文教育有專門的詞彙Humanities。自由文理學院會教授學生自然科學、社會科學和人文科學的知識,不培養具體專業人才,而是進行自由教育。學生畢業後頒發學士學位Bachelor
Degree。
AWS(Amherst College阿姆赫斯特學院, Williams College威廉姆斯學院, Swarthmore
College斯沃斯莫爾學院的簡稱)作為頂級的三所文理學院,在美國人的心目中地位,其實一點都不亞於世人對Harvard哈佛,Stanford斯坦福的崇敬。而且申請的難度也不亞於美國的常青藤盟校。在這些學校里還擁有美國最為有特色的女校,即只招女學生。它們形成了歷史上著名的Seven Sisters(七姐妹)包括Barnard College, Bryn Mawr College, Mount Holyoke College,
Radcliffe College, Smith College, Wellesley College和Vassar College,這些學校培養了諸多巾幗紅顏,她們改變了美國歷史,也推動了世界進步。廣為國人熟知的宋氏三姐妹就是畢業於Wellesley College這所美國排名第一的女校;美國首位華裔女性勞工部長趙小蘭也畢業於著名的Mount Holyoke College;當今著名出版人洪晃女士畢業於Vassar College(Vassar
College1969年變為男女混校)。當然不能僅從College的名稱判斷文理學院,因為在這其中也有如Washington and Lee University這樣雖然名為University,但其實是非常接近文理學院的院校。
③ 反映中外文化差異的電影
一、《刮痧》2001
豆瓣評分:8.2
IMDb評分:7.6
點評:
講述美國亞裔群體的紀錄片。本來是充滿歡喜和期望的越戰後的尋親重逢,卻在母女相處過程中出乎意料地轉變成分離造成的巨大的文化沖突,並以不可調和的悲劇收場。攝制組跟拍過程中也沒料到會有這種轉變;前後反差充滿力量;爆發的那一整段高潮很絕。
中外在思維,文化,經濟,政治等許多方面都存在差異,而以上幾部電影成功幫我們了解了差異,是了解國外生活的巨作。
④ 關於中美教育差異的電影,知道的幫忙推薦一下,謝謝了。。准備寫論文了,准備資源,
叫我第一名,,應該可以
⑤ 急求幾部中國和美國家庭教育電影,要求有典型的事件體現兩國家庭教育差異
《一個都不能少》
《二十二個孩子》
⑥ 哪些影視作品可以體現出中美文化之間的差異
有很多。比較專注於文化相異點的比較的,除了「刮痧」以外,還有「鐵與絲」,「喜福會」。
⑦ 求《中美教育差異》英文作文
The Differences of Ecation between China and U.S
Based on checking the extensive literature and summing up the evidence, it is clear that study about differences of higher ecation between China and US has carried out a lot which mainly explaines the differences from different aspects of higher edcation between China and the United States. Such aspects mainly includes the social environment and cultural tradition, higher ecation system and reform measures. In the Integration of these differences, advantages and evils of both ecational systems have been evaluated respectively, and corresponding improvement measures were also put forwords. By summary, the detailed conclusions are listed as follows:
US is a open society. The society's openness urges the American college to abandon old ecational thoughts which European traditional universities stick to, adopt the open policy to absorb all advatanges from other countries and establishe a diverse and open ecation control system which emphasizes on the actual effect. US is the biggest imigrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economy ephiseizes on the practical value, matter rewards as well as indivial value realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc[2].
Us』s higher ecation was considered as the best ecation in the world. Comparing the elementary ecation between American and China, people's universal view will be: China's elementary ecation aims to build the foundation of ecation with more study and less thought; while US's ecation aims to bulid such an ecation to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher ecation to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and prctice.
US's ecation pays more attention to raise student's self-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but China's ecation emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual.Obviously, Chinese ecation may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but US』s higher ecation could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizing and synthesizing the information outside.
Each national higher ecation as economic system』s reflection serves for the economy; US ecation aims to adapt for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions including ecation』s service for the economic development, scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need, set up special curriculum and specialty which the society needs; In China's universities, ring quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and couldnot follow social demand.
In order to adapt the society, the American universities has established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; The students choose or transformate specialties and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher ecation system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher ecation; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult.
When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students donot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate student's study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action.Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.
Due to the development of science and technology, connections between higher ecation and national politics, economy, science,culture, military relation is day by day closer. The higher ecation is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply performances for the growth of quantity, but especially has had the huge change in the nature[1]. The advanced level of higher ecation has become a thesymbol of national strength.
We should clarify the difference of higher ecation between China and American, at the same time absorb the advantges to profit from the American higher ecation so as to faster the reform andthe development of our higher ecation.
⑧ 中美教育差異
1.中國與美國教育的差異首先在於兩國初等教育的教學目標不同:
中國初等教育將開發孩子的智力,孩子好處高分看成首要目標;而在美國,初等教育的目的只有一個:培養孩子的創造力.
2.對待成績的態度不同
對中國孩子來說,一份不好的成績單會使他收到來自各方壓力.然而在美國,每個學生年終的成績單都時間私人的物品.家長方面也不會給孩子施加過多的壓力.分數在大人心中比能力要差得遠.而中國大部分學生的目的是"那高分".
3. 兩國在知識觀是存在差異:
中國的教育注重對知識的積累灌輸,培養學生對知識和權威的尊重和對知識的繼承以及知識體系的構建.
美國則更注重培養學生運用知識的實際能力,注重培養學生對知識和權威的質疑,批判精神和對知識的拓展和創造.
這兩種教育表達了對待知識的不同態度:即中國教育的靜態與美國之間的動態差異,這一動一靜這反映兩國知識觀的差異.
4.兩國在提供該學生的環境上不同:
美國的學校從小就鼓勵孩子做研究,就培養孩子的研究能力,獨立處理問題的能力,組織研究材料的運動研究方法的能力.
而中國的學校,在應試教育的制約下,傳統觀念的影響下,採取的是初級階段打基礎,高級階段才能做學問的相互脫節的兩階段戰略.
5.兩國課程設置不同
比如關於外國語言的學習.在中國,學生在基礎教育中只有英語一種(除專業外).這是教育系統為全體學生做的統一選擇.
而在美國,學生選擇德育的就大得多,包括西班牙語,發育,拉丁語等.還有在美國不用教材的課是存在的,他們通常叫做"家庭生活"課,.
課程內容包括縫紉,烹飪和增強自信心等等.他教給學生的是書本以外生活之中的事情,是作為一個人或者的必需.他教給學生如何生活
6.教育模式和高考制度不同:中國的啟發式教育存在著一個弊端,就是其實一直到某一個問題的答案通過誘導學生,使他們找到"唯一的答案".
在美國學校的教學法,除了引導學生去理解和掌握教師一致的正確答案外,還給與學生自由想像的空間,去探索教師和學生都沒未知但卻客觀存在著的潛在答案.
在中國,除了少數人才不用看"高考"分數外,其餘的均以"高考"成績為錄取人學得最重要的,唯一標准.但在美國學生年年都參加各類考試中的至少一種考試,一次失手,情有可言;兩次失手,也可以理解……因此,這些考試成績就可作為非常重要的錄取入學考量標准.
7.學習負擔不同:美國幾乎每周都回放一天假.但在中國,周末可能被無情佔有,就連絢麗多彩的假日也會因繁重的作業的充斥而黯然失色.
8.家庭教育不同:
1)美國教育小時管得嚴,美國父母會立下許多規矩,而孩子越大管得越松;中國父母恰恰相反,小時候百般溺愛,長大處處限制,甚至連大學專業,戀愛都橫加干涉.
2)美國教育注重孩子責任感的培養,這個教育差別使得美國孩子比中國更具自立性.
⑨ 高分求一篇英文文章 關於中美教育的不同或者是對比 不要太長的``
China is the examination-oriented ecation, history and reality and, of course, is examination-oriented ecation in a large population
National talent to choose a relatively low cost. However, the results of the examination-oriented ecation is to train
Students from a general lack of innovation. Some people say: "Why can not a Chinese one Nobel
Prize winner. "Maybe this is the reason.
Ecation in the United States or the West in many countries, focus on quality ecation. Concern for each indivial student's
Development, and encourage them to open the wings thinking, encourage students to contribute to innovation
【中國是應試教育,當然與歷史和現實有關,應試教育也是在人口眾多的
國家選擇人才的一種成本比較低廉的方式。但是,應試教育的結果是培養
出來的學生,普遍缺乏創新精神。有人說:「為什麼中國出不了一個諾貝爾
獎得主。」也許就是這個原因。
美國的教育,或者說西方很多國家,注重素質教育。關注每個學生個體的
發展,鼓勵他們打開思想的翅膀,鼓勵學生創新思維】
1. Ecation in China and the United States first of all the differences between the two countries is the primary goal of teaching different:
Chinese primary ecation to children's intellectual development, child benefits as a high priority goal; in the United States, there is only one primary purpose: to cultivate children's creativity.
2.'s Attitude towards different results
China's children, will make a bad report card he had received pressure from all sides. In the United States, however, the end of each student's report card time for all private goods. Parents do not give the child to exert too much Pressure. Score in the hearts of alts than the ability to far. The majority of Chinese students is aimed at "high."
3. Between the two countries in view of knowledge is different:
China's emphasis on ecation for instilling the accumulation of knowledge, to help students develop knowledge and respect for authority and knowledge, and knowledge of the succession system.
The United States is even more focus on training students to use knowledge of the actual ability to pay attention to training students for the knowledge and authority of the doubt and critical spirit of the expansion of knowledge and creativity.
Both expressed the ecation of a different attitude towards knowledge: the China Ecation and the static and dynamic differences between the United States, a move that reflects this static view of knowledge of the differences between the two countries.
4. Between the two countries in providing the students a different environment:
American schools from an early age to encourage children to do research, research on cultivating the children's ability to deal with the independent ability to organize the movement of materials research methods.
China's schools, the exam-oriented ecation in the constraints, under the influence of traditional ideas, it takes the initial stage of laying the foundation, the advanced stage of learning can be divorced from each of the two-stage strategy.
5. Two different curricula
For example, on foreign language learning. In China, students in basic ecation in English only one (other than professional). This is the system of ecation for all students to do the unification of choice.
In the United States, the moral ecation of students on a much larger, including Spanish, development, Latin, and so on. There are no teaching materials in the United States of course exist, they are usually called "family life" class.
The topics will include sewing, cooking and enhance self-confidence, and so on. He taught the students the book is a life outside of things, as a person or necessary. He taught students how to live
6. Mode of ecation and different college entrance examination system: China's heuristic ecation there is a flaw, that is, in fact until a certain answer to the question by incing students to enable them to find "the only answer."
The teaching methods in schools in the United States, in addition to guide students to understand and grasp the correct answer to the same teachers, and students returned to the room for free imagination, teachers and students to explore the unknown, but no objective there is a potential answer.
In China, in addition to a small number of talented people do not have to look at the "entrance" Score, the other are the "test" results for the admission of people learn the most important thing, the only criterion. But in the United States every year students have participated in various types of examinations of at least one Kind of test, missed the first, the situation there at all; missed twice, you can understand ... ... As a result, these test scores can be admitted as a very important admission criteria for consideration.
7. The burden of learning different: The United States almost a day off every week intervals. In China, however, could be ruthless hold over the weekend, and even the gorgeous holiday will be as a result of the heavy work and full of pale.
8. Different family ecation:
1) American ecation Guan Deyan hours, the United States will set many of the rules parents, children and the greater control the more-song; Chinese parents on the contrary, in every possible way spoil a child, all grown up restrictions, and even professional University, both in love unwarranted interference.
2) Ecation and the United States pay attention to children's sense of culture, ecation, the differences between the United States makes a child more than self-reliance of China.
Advice
China's reform of the examination system, teaching students with the burden of reform, ecation reform in three areas as a whole, and the examination system is "far left" key. Only the exam-oriented ecation has changed, the quality of ecation in order to be truly their own space .
The United States is in innovation rather than on the basis of insufficient to grasp the basis of the premise to make up for the shortfall. Our situation is that on the contrary, we are more than on the basis of innovation and, hence a need to improve the ecation of our innovative efforts to make up for the shortfall.
Ecation is a cultural phenomenon, different ecation is a response to the different cultural connotations, the United States suitable for today's community ecation or the ecation system does not necessarily meet the current Chinese society. In short, what we need is a combination of internationalization and localization of Modernization of ecation.
China's current implementation of the new ecation system is graally correct the deficiencies in ecation, tend to be diversified, international, this is where the results of research and ecation. Is our intention.
【1.中國與美國教育的差異首先在於兩國初等教育的教學目標不同:
中國初等教育將開發孩子的智力,孩子好處高分看成首要目標;而在美國,初等教育的目的只有一個:培養孩子的創造力.
2.對待成績的態度不同
對中國孩子來說,一份不好的成績單會使他收到來自各方壓力.然而在美國,每個學生年終的成績單都時間私人的物品.家長方面也不會給孩子施加過多的壓力.分數在大人心中比能力要差得遠.而中國大部分學生的目的是"那高分".
3. 兩國在知識觀是存在差異:
中國的教育注重對知識的積累灌輸,培養學生對知識和權威的尊重和對知識的繼承以及知識體系的構建.
美國則更注重培養學生運用知識的實際能力,注重培養學生對知識和權威的質疑,批判精神和對知識的拓展和創造.
這兩種教育表達了對待知識的不同態度:即中國教育的靜態與美國之間的動態差異,這一動一靜這反映兩國知識觀的差異.
4.兩國在提供該學生的環境上不同:
美國的學校從小就鼓勵孩子做研究,就培養孩子的研究能力,獨立處理問題的能力,組織研究材料的運動研究方法的能力.
而中國的學校,在應試教育的制約下,傳統觀念的影響下,採取的是初級階段打基礎,高級階段才能做學問的相互脫節的兩階段戰略.
5.兩國課程設置不同
比如關於外國語言的學習.在中國,學生在基礎教育中只有英語一種(除專業外).這是教育系統為全體學生做的統一選擇.
而在美國,學生選擇德育的就大得多,包括西班牙語,發育,拉丁語等.還有在美國不用教材的課是存在的,他們通常叫做"家庭生活"課,.
課程內容包括縫紉,烹飪和增強自信心等等.他教給學生的是書本以外生活之中的事情,是作為一個人或者的必需.他教給學生如何生活
6.教育模式和高考制度不同:中國的啟發式教育存在著一個弊端,就是其實一直到某一個問題的答案通過誘導學生,使他們找到"唯一的答案".
在美國學校的教學法,除了引導學生去理解和掌握教師一致的正確答案外,還給與學生自由想像的空間,去探索教師和學生都沒未知但卻客觀存在著的潛在答案.
在中國,除了少數人才不用看"高考"分數外,其餘的均以"高考"成績為錄取人學得最重要的,唯一標准.但在美國學生年年都參加各類考試中的至少一種考試,一次失手,情有可言;兩次失手,也可以理解……因此,這些考試成績就可作為非常重要的錄取入學考量標准.
7.學習負擔不同:美國幾乎每周都回放一天假.但在中國,周末可能被無情佔有,就連絢麗多彩的假日也會因繁重的作業的充斥而黯然失色.
8.家庭教育不同:
1)美國教育小時管得嚴,美國父母會立下許多規矩,而孩子越大管得越松;中國父母恰恰相反,小時候百般溺愛,長大處處限制,甚至連大學專業,戀愛都橫加干涉.
2)美國教育注重孩子責任感的培養,這個教育差別使得美國孩子比中國更具自立性.
建議
中國的考試制度改革,教學改革與學生減負,是教育整體改革的三個方面,而考試制度是"牽一發而動身"的關鍵.只有應試教育改變了,素質教育才能獲得真正屬於自己的空間.
美國是在創新有餘而基礎不足的前提下以抓基礎來補不足.我國的情況卻是恰恰相反,我們是基礎有餘而創新不足,因而我國教育的完善必須抓創新來補不足.
教育是一種文化現象,不同的教育反應的是不同的文化內涵,適宜美國今日社會的教育方法或教育體制並不一定適應中國現在的社會.總之,我們需要的是本土化和國際化結合的現代化教育.
中國現行在實行的新的教育體制,正逐步的改正教育的缺陷,趨向於多元化,國際化,這正是研究教育的成果所在.也是我們的本意. 】
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