⑴ 電影藝術的成因要素論文
電影自誕生以來經歷了無聲、無彩，到有聲、有彩的過程。沒有台詞、聲音和色彩的電影有很多，但是完全沒有音樂的電影卻幾乎沒有出現過，尤其到了現代，音樂已經成為現代電影不可缺少的組成部分。根據大量心理學、社會學研究顯示，音樂對人類的情緒有著顯著的影響。北電某博士生導師曾做過這樣一個實驗，在放映此類影片時將背景音樂完全抹去，結果在影片放映半小時內，已有大量觀眾離場，表示無法繼續觀看。由此可見，音樂在電影中不可或缺，作用顯著。
電影中，很多特殊的場景或人物的心理狀態無法用台詞來表現，合適的音樂就可以起到一個很好的引導和暗示。影片中常見的人物出場，常常會通過人物的一舉一動進行取樂，觀眾就能較明確的分辨出他是好人或者壞人。當然，隨著電影的發展，這樣簡單的處理手法會越來越少，但萬變不離其宗，音樂作為一種特殊的語言，在電影中可以起到揭示場景，暗喻人物心理的作用。在很多系列片中，某段或某類音樂總代表著一個比較固定的意義。也就是說，這段或這類音樂屬於某一個特殊的人或景。比如奧特曼、佐羅、蜘蛛俠、超人等等，他們幾乎都有自己的代表性音樂。每當音樂響起，觀眾就會知道某個人物即將出現，從而起到鋪墊的作用。
背景音樂可以渲染氣氛，可以引導和控制觀眾的心理狀態。而在渲染氛圍和影響觀眾情緒的過程中，也逐步推動了電影主題的表達，使觀眾和電影形成互動，從而使電影主題在觀眾心中得以凸顯。一部好的影片，給觀眾留下深刻印象的不僅僅是電影的故事情節、畫面製作等，背景音樂作為影視作品的重要藝術元素之一也同樣有著重要地位，並且在宏觀、微觀、全方位、系列化、深層次、高水準的方面對影片效果起到促進作用。
⑵ 急求英文電影鑒賞論文
先知從常規意義上來講，應該算作災難片。優秀災難片有定位，在這里我只說最重要一點，那就理想和現實完美結合。如果影片太過於理想化，情節全部都虛構，那麼它給人們感受不會很真切；反之如果完全取材於真實事件，則似乎又乏味了點，可參照某部911題材影片。 如果你還沒看過先知，建議你去看看，作為災難片，影片主題說世界末日，雖然有些老套，但裡面很多新穎東西讓人眼前一亮，與以往災難片相比，也出彩地方。 我先復制一下劇情介紹，以便你對影片有大概了解。 1959年，馬賽諸塞州，威廉·道斯小學成立奠基儀式。一群天真浪漫孩童，在畫紙上繪下了對未來憧憬，由校長和老師們帶領將圖畫封藏在了時間膠囊里，深埋入基石之下。50年後現在，遵從儀式，入學新生們從地下挖出並開啟了時間膠囊，人手一份當年畫紙，而小男孩凱萊布，拿到了一張填滿不規則數字奇怪紙張。 如果不凱萊布天生執拗好奇，如果這張紙片不半個世紀前出土，如果凱萊布父親泰德不對隨機性大有研究教授，或許它只會被當成孩童囈語，隨手丟到一邊。然而，對畫紙內容感到有種難以言喻蹊蹺和詭異，泰德不由得開始了一番推演運算。讓他震驚，這些數字所傳遞編碼信息非同小可--它們竟然毫釐不差地預言了過去50年中每個重大災難！ 純屬巧合？神秘預言？曠世陰謀？一個小孩子又怎能在多年前預見到所有災難依序發生時間和死亡人數？疑惑不解泰德沒有時間思索這個怎麼想怎麼無稽答案，他只知道，預示著未來KB事件數字還在不斷延伸，其中更包括了世界末日到來！地鐵慘案，81人身亡，畫紙上一個又一個預言成真，由不得他再坐視不管。一心想警告世人、阻止KB末日發生泰德，卻被所有人當成瘋子。唯一能幫助他，只有黛安娜和女兒艾比。因為她們，正當年做出神秘預言小女孩女兒和孫女 亮點一相對於世界末日，地心危機等一系列優秀災難片而言，本片場面除了最後結局之外，顯得不那麼恢宏。劇情僅僅以一個平凡人去看待這一切，尼古飾演科學家因為兒子關系無意間發現了寫有預言紙張，從論證到說服朋友，再到尋找黛安娜和她女兒艾比尋求幫助，整個過程你會覺得很無力或者說無奈，而主角不管以一個普通人身份，還以一個父親身份，他都沒有放棄普通人飛機列車事故，跑去救人。父親為了兒子，找帶按捺及其女兒；最後沒有搭上外星人飛船。 不管發生什麼，人都要作出正確選擇，即便你很渺小，很無力。 亮點二因為影片場面不很壯觀，那麼為了提高人們興趣，或者說為了刺激人們神經，影片自始自終都彌漫著一種詭異氣息，這種氣息來源分別那幾個裝扮成耳語者外星人，以及尼古兒子夢，以及很多個為什麼。即便沒有浩大場面震撼觀眾，但詭異情節和眾多伏筆，依舊讓人性質濃烈。 亮點三尼古最後回到了家裡，和父親擁抱，與父母妹妹相擁著面對死亡；女主角為了女兒，不顧危險命喪車禍。這都說明了親情永遠不可取代和至高無上。優秀電影，離不開人類眾多情感中光明一面。 亮點四影片最後，地球被太陽赤炎毀滅了，但有一小部分人被外星人轉移到了另外一個星球，包括尼古兒子和女主角女兒。雖然只很小一部分人，但當你在結尾看到兩個孩子在美輪美奐草原上奔跑時，體會到只會靈動生命。生命與希望相互陪伴。 亮點五演員方面，尼古表現依舊搶眼，一個面部表情就可以讓你明白他感受，在此不多評價，此人演技早已成神。這里重點要說女主角表現，我一開始對於女主角演技或者說表現持否定態度，覺得很多時候她反應過於激烈了，給人一種假感覺，但隨著情節延伸，當你換位思考一下之後，覺得一切都理所當然，她做得很到位。好演員不可缺少。 亮點六細節處理無可挑剔，一兩秒畫面瞬間即逝，卻能牽引出另外東西。比如說，尼古發現詭異耳語者騷擾自己兒子時候，有一個鏡頭尼古檢查左輪手槍，手槍盒子以及說明書閃現了一下。這說明兩個問題，第一，這把手槍剛買，第二，尼古從沒用過手槍，因此需要說明書。為了兒子，尼古拚命了，這個細節又一次見證了偉大父愛！細節出真知，導演、編劇在細節處理上高，實在高。 除了亮點之外，本片也繼承了優秀災難片傳統，首先現實與理想結合911第一個預言，也夠詳細，一下子就讓人心提了起來，其次，雖然本片不以浩大特效吸引觀眾，但最後地球毀滅之時，幾個特效鏡頭十分逼真，起到了效果，最後，略微悲情讓你心情難以言表，加深你對影片記憶。
⑶ 電影包括哪些要素，用英文回答
playscript (novel, playwriter, screenwriter)
proction (development, pre-proction, proction, post-proction, distribution)
crew (procers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, editor, writer)
cast(actor)
proction staff (director...)
technology (special effects,cinematography )
sound track
venue
⑷ 高分急求關於外國電影的英語論文
我給你個論文網,你去找找看,上面應該有.
http://www.zlunwen.com/
我知道的論文網裡面,只有這個論文網上面有關於電影論文的.
⑸ 期末英文論文想寫英語電影中的中國元素分析，求推薦有沒有一些經典的這種外國電影，本來想寫變形金剛4，
英語論文可以具體幫你寫一下的。
凡是被大多數中國人（包括海外華人）認同的、凝結著華夏民族傳統文化精神，並體現國家尊嚴和民族利益的形象、符號或風俗習慣，均可被視為「中國元素」。中國的企業及品牌文化更是中國元素的重要組成部分。
「中國元素」不僅僅是傳統文化的一種象徵。不可能是西方文化的簡單補充潤飾，不應該狹窄地定義為宣揚民族主義的旗號。以「中國元素」作為創意語言更不應該視為一種時尚的新名詞。誠然，有一種不可爭辯的事實，當世界經濟離不開持續增長的中國經濟時，世界文明也離不開 中國文化。因為中國文化是人類不可或缺的重要組成部分。孕育著中國文化精神的「中國元素」將會為中國品牌走向世界奠定自信，它會承擔起融入世界、影響世界的時代使命。
「 中國元素」應分為三部分，第一是中國固有元素： 比如中國的領土（包括300萬平方公里的領海），中國的人種，中國的氣候等等；第二是 中國傳統文化元素：這個不做累述；第三是中國的現代文化元素：比如北京的奧運精神，中國的航天精神，中國的電影文化，中國著名企業的文化等等。
中國元素——凡是在中華民族融合、演化與發展過程中逐漸形成的、由中國人創造、傳承、反映中國人文精神和民俗心理、具有中國特質的文化成果，都是中國元素，包括有形的物質符號和無形的精神內容，即物質 文化元素和精神文化元素。如思想意識、 道德觀念、價值體系、民俗事象、生活習慣、 宗教信仰、 建築、藝術、科技、 法律、 倫理等，上至 三皇五帝，下到宋元明清，大到 故宮長城，小至窗欞 門釘。中國傳統文化都是中國元素，但中國元素不全等於中國傳統文化，還包括中國現代文化。
⑹ 論英文電影字幕翻譯的基本要素與方法 開題報告怎麼寫，求幫助
第一次寫這樣的文章需要很長時間和精力，可以找專業的人幫你寫一下
我知道一家，他們的文章寫的不錯，完成文章,包通過
加他為好友就行
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⑺ 跪求英文論文 評價好萊塢電影 要求從好萊塢電影的發展史入手
Article: History of hollywood film instry
The first movie studio in the Hollywood area, Nestor Studios, was founded in 1911 by Al Christie for David Horsley in an old building on the northwest corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. In the same year, another fifteen Independents settled in Hollywood. Hollywood came to be so strongly associated with the film instry that the word "Hollywood" came to be used colloquially to refer to the entire instry.
In 1913, Cecil B. DeMille, in association with Jesse Lasky, leased a barn with studio facilities on the southeast corner of Selma and Vine Streets from the Burns and Revier Studio and Laboratory, which had been established there. DeMille then began proction of The Squaw Man (1914). It became known as the Lasky-DeMille Barn and is currently the location of the Hollywood Heritage Museum.
The Charlie Chaplin Studios, on the northeast corner of La Brea and De Longpre Avenues just south of Sunset Boulevard, was built in 1917. It has had many owners after 1953, including Kling Studios, who proced the Superman TV series with George Reeves; Red Skelton, who used the sound stages for his CBS TV variety show; and CBS, who filmed the TV series Perry Mason with Raymond Burr there. It has also been owned by Herb Alpert's A&M Records and Tijuana Brass Enterprises. It is currently The Jim Henson Company, home of the Muppets. In 1969, The Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board named the studio a historical cultural monument.
The famous Hollywood sign originally read "Hollywoodland." It was erected in 1923 to advertise a new housing development in the hills above Hollywood. For several years the sign was left to deteriorate. In 1949, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce stepped in and offered to remove the last four letters and repair the rest.
The sign, located at the top of Mount Lee, is now a registered trademark and cannot be used without the permission of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, which also manages the venerable Walk of Fame.
The Hollywood Sign as it appears today.The first Academy Awards presentation ceremony took place on May 16, 1929 ring a banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel on Hollywood Boulevard. Tickets were USD $10.00 and there were 250 people in attendance.
From about 1930, five major Hollywood movie studios from all over the Los Angeles area, Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros., owned large, grand theaters throughout the country for the exhibition of their movies. The period between the years 1927 (the effective end of the silent era) to 1948 is considered the age of the "Hollywood studio system", or, in a more common term, the Golden Age of Hollywood. In a landmark 1948 court decision, the Supreme Court ruled that movie studios could not own theaters and play only the movies of their studio and movie stars, thus an era of Hollywood history had unofficially ended. By the mid-1950s, when television proved a profitable enterprise that was here to stay, movie studios started also being used for the proction of programming in that medium, which is still the norm today.
⑻ 我想寫一片關於電影的英語論文，求主題！
卧虎藏龍可以寫，人性、慾望、情義、中國文化。
⑼ 急求英美電影欣賞論文（英文的）
Men of Honor
《斯蒂文森小說精華》下卷收錄《黑箭》及《綁架》，這兩部長篇都是非常引人入勝的歷史小說。在介紹二書各自的時代背景以前，不妨讓我們先來鳥瞰一下英國歷史，它的大脈絡，那是很有趣的。
提起英國，人們只知道是個老牌帝國主義，十九世紀首先就是這匹惡狼闖進我們的家園。但是，在不列顛（聯合王國除開北愛爾蘭）那片土地（約略相當於我國湖南省）上，曾經多少次遭受外族血與火的蹂躪？多少次山河變色、國破家亡？一代又一代，有多少個入侵者、殺人兇犯，又有多少個英奸、賣國賊，最後都成了他們民族英雄和歷史偉人，我們中有幾位能夠說瞭然於胸呢？一筆一筆血淋淋的陳年舊帳，整個的英國歷史我們可以大體上概括為：三次種族大換血，三次淪為殖民地（即文化大換血或輸血），三次開門揖盜，引狼入室，認賊作父——其中兩回全國都成了我們中國的吳三桂。這就是一部英國史！
大約距今九千年以前，不列顛諸島與歐洲大陸還是連成一體的，那裡居住著中石器時代的地中海人和阿爾卑斯人。約五千年前，伊比利亞人自地中海地區西遷，是首批從大陸渡海過來的，征服了原有的居民。這次征服必定十分野蠻悲慘，使我們已經找不到任何中石器人的痕跡了。著名文化古跡索爾茲伯里平原上的怪石圈，就是伊比利亞人留下來的。是為第一次換血。
到了約兩千五百年以前，有凱爾特人自今天德國南部一路砍殺過來，先後佔領了今日法蘭西、西班牙、葡萄牙、義大利等地，接著又越海占據了不列顛諸島，殘酷屠戮伊比利亞人。是為第二次換血。
自公元一世紀中葉，羅馬帝國對不列顛進行了長達四百年的殖民統治。政府、法律和商業都使用拉丁語，只剩下鄉下人才說凱爾特話。鋪石的公路自此四通八達，繁榮城鎮星羅棋布，羅馬人還帶來了基督教，其文化、習俗、生活用品也大量滲入，整個社會生活都羅馬化了。直到五世紀初老家起火，他們才開始撤離。這是第一次被殖民地化。[ 轉自鐵血社區 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
前門去狼，後門進虎。緊接著於五世紀中葉，原居住在西北歐的三個日耳曼野蠻部族——盎格魯、撒克遜和朱特人橫渡北海，所謂「條頓人的征服」，（嚴格地講，可以說是四次引狼入室。因為羅馬軍團撤離以後，軟弱的不列顛暴露於北方野蠻蘇格蘭人同皮克人的侵擾之下。據說首先是一位凱爾特部族領袖，主動邀請朱特人前來協辦國防的；而朱特人見有隙可乘，後來才反客為主，並引發盎格魯及撒克遜人也來大舉入侵。）耗時一百五十年。秦始皇焚書坑儒？小菜一碟！日耳曼人把凱爾特整個一個民族的成年男子幾乎打殺干凈啦（第三次換血）！他們這些劊子手構成了今天英吉利民族的主體。自然，殘留的婦孺免不了繁衍生息，於是一代又一代的混血種橫空出世。
金庸歷史小說非常有趣，其耐看不亞於斯蒂文森。然而，若按照小說中那些仁人志士伸張正義、替天行道的血性脾氣，非得要報伊比利亞人同凱爾特人，還有中石器人的血海深仇，將那些屠夫的孽種——今日的英國人，殺個精光不可！
歷三四百年七國並存（類春秋戰國）的局面，遲到九世紀初，延伸至十一世紀初，日耳曼野蠻人終於從自身各個部族紛亂稱雄之中名義上得到統一，演繹出英國統治世系的第一個朝代——撒克遜系。
就在撒克遜系統御國家的同時，九至十一世紀，來自北歐的維京海盜——其中主要是丹麥人，大規模入侵英國。他們除了在英格蘭東北部建立「丹麥區」，進行直接赤裸裸的統治之外，以後又向南方擴張。到十一世紀上半葉，雖說不斷受到盎格魯撒克遜人的反抗，仍有三十年之久，整個英格蘭都已置於了丹麥國王卡紐特統治之下 ——此三十年即英國朝廷的第二系，丹麥系。前後歷三百年，語言、文化、司法、度量衡……無不受到深深的影響。屈辱的殖民地史，居然列入了國祚的正統。
十一世紀中葉卡紐特帝國瓦解以後，政權重歸撒克遜人的手中，是謂西撒克遜系。但是新王愛德華之母卻是個諾曼底人（所謂諾曼底人本來也不是諾曼底的人，而是原居住於北歐的諾曼人，於九世紀南徙至今法國西北部、由於他們到來才稱做諾曼底的地方，安頓了下來。操法語，與法國同化了。當時受封於國王的公爵，其領地叫公國，伯爵的叫伯國。十世紀初建立了諾曼底公國，為法國封建諸侯中最強大的；名份上為法王屬下，實際有相當的獨立性），國王本人是個半撒克遜半諾曼底的雜種，他自幼在諾曼底長大，長期流亡於茲，三十八歲才回國。即位以後便大量起用諾曼底人，還跟其表弟諾曼底公爵結為聯盟，以抗衡國內的貴族，並使法語成為社會上層主要的交流工具。可謂里通外國、引狼入室之先聲。
一○六六年，那位表弟諾曼底公爵威廉，根據表哥生前有讓他繼位之願望，率兵五千乘艦隊入侵英國，打敗並殺死了新王哈羅德。英國大主教於西敏寺為之加冕，憑著聖經將英格蘭交付與之，不久他便攜著一批歸順的大主教、王孫貴族，返回諾曼底去也。勝利的法國人幾年以內不斷焚毀村莊，殺戮平民，掠奪英國貴族的土地以犒賞親屬及隨從，統治上層換成了諾曼人的天下，新貴族取代了盎格魯撒克遜的老貴族，諾曼底——法蘭西語和諾曼——法蘭西法律成了英格蘭宮廷、英格蘭貴族的語言和法律。教會也由法國來的義大利籍大主教接管了。然而，正是這位建立了諾曼底王朝的外國殖民君主同他的世子（繼位者）們，於司法制度、興建教堂乃至形成上議院、文化……等等方面諸多建樹，即是說從世俗（硬體）同靈魂（軟體）兩個方面，為社會公正奠定了基礎，開創了不朽的盛世基業，很有一點漢武帝的氣象哩！原先盎格魯撒克遜時期每個人只有一個單名，現今這樣名字後邊尾以姓氏，也是模仿他們法國貴族來的，這便是第三次殖民地化。自此以後，再也沒有外族跨海入侵、成立霸業的情事了。君主世襲制度也是從威廉肇始，故被英國人大捧特捧為「征服者威廉」，幾乎被當成我們的堯舜禹湯（真是一群厚顏無恥的亡國奴）！[ 轉自鐵血社區 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
說起堯舜禹湯，要提一下英國朝代遞嬗的歷史，那是遲到九世紀之初，自撒克遜國王埃格伯特開端的；較之我國西周共和，要晚上一千六百多年。一千二百年以來劃為三個系、九代王朝，九朝當中還夾著一個共和政體。三系前邊已經交代過了，第一代王朝便是這位威廉一世所建立。近一百年以後，安茹（法國地名）伯爵亨利二世（威廉一世的重外孫，又是一個外國人）跑到英國來，創建了安茹（又名金雀花）王朝——試設想一下，中國歷史上若在北京建立一個約克（英地名）王朝或普瓦提埃（法地名）王朝，敝國上邦的文人們會不出來文飾一番，聽由它赤裸裸洋名字刺激自己的自尊心嗎？兩朝共歷三個半世紀之久，其中很長一段時間英國都是在法國國王的指揮棒下，讓法國人或其後裔黃袍加身，君臨英土。他們既是英國的一國之主，又在法國享有大片封地，作為法國藩鎮，法王的附庸，其實心裡只把英國當成一塊殖民地，諾曼底才是他們的老巢，他們的根。一世以下有七位帝君，他們對英國只是遙領而已，大部分時間仍舊都呆在諾曼底的，其第六位在位十年，居留英國還不及一年哩。你看清兵入關，滿人主宰天下以後，表現比他們還要好一些。盡管如此，英國人不去卧薪嘗膽，不去做伯夷叔齊，偏還要把亨利二世這個法國拐子，也看作他們歷史上最偉大的君王之一！直到十三世紀初法王將諾曼底收了回去，英國的君主這才慢慢地，開始一心一意作個名副其實的英國國王了。又過了將近兩百年，朝廷重行回復到英國血統手中，開始了蘭開斯特王朝。不過這一回殖民地亡國奴的滋味還要有得嘗，又經歷了大半個世紀，下一個約克王朝的第一任國王開始，才可以娶英國女子——而非法國女子，為王後；再又到建立都鐸王朝的國王手上，英語才取代法語成為官方語言。到十八世紀的三十年代在法庭上才廢止法語使用英語。
剩下來還有兩次值得一提。第一回在一六八九年，中國的吳三桂剛剛於十年前閉上眼睛，英國大多數宗教徒出於強烈反對天主教國王掌政，不顧不久前荷蘭海軍駛入泰晤士河奇襲英皇家艦艇的國恥（1666年6月，荷蘭海軍迅雷不及掩耳沖入泰晤士河，炮毀英國艦只無數，王家船塢付諸一炬，尤為奇恥大辱者海軍旗艦「皇家查爾斯號」竟被虜走。炮聲隆隆，倫敦震撼，實實在在預演了一場珍珠港事變），請求國王的女兒瑪麗同她的丈夫、荷蘭統治者威廉（威廉不僅是國王的女婿，還是他的親外甥）前來承繼王位。於是女兒偕同女婿率軍登陸英國，打得老豆跟老岳丈落荒而逃（當時瑪麗的胞妹安，以及她的丹麥丈夫，倒向姐姐、姐夫一邊，也背叛了老爹及泰山。後來安繼威廉三世為女王，這個忤逆不孝的女人惡有善報，極富政聲）。群臣請命：「瑪麗女王，威廉攝政，如何？」「不幹！」於是這位既有德國也有英國血統的荷蘭雜種威廉三世，英國話都說不好的，堂而皇之地坐上了龍椅（瑪麗為王後）。中國人要質問：倫理焉在，仁義何存？簡直豈有此理！可是，沿襲至今虛君實相的民主政治體制——議會高於國王、平民院高於貴族院 ——正是此時確立，兩黨制格局也自茲形成；還有大敗法王路易十四、成就英第一帝國等等功業。因此，英國人把這次不怎麼流血的外戚入侵、大家都當亡國奴，十分自豪地稱之為「光榮革命」，看得比中國人心目中的唐宗宋祖，還要高出許多頭哩。
第二回是在二十五年以後，安女王仙逝無嗣，同樣出於英國國教對天主教的排斥，遵照國會法案，舉國迎接女王的表兄弟、德國番佬、漢諾威公爵喬治登基，稱喬治一世。根本不會說英語，又在德國土生土長的他（其太子，後來繼位的國王也一樣），開始了史書上倒數第二個王朝，那又是一個以外國地名命名的王朝！此王朝繁演了一百多年，傳到了維多利亞。嘩，這位十八歲少女直到白發蒼蒼八十二歲老太太，金鑾殿上龍椅一坐就是六十四年，比咱們康熙老皇帝還要長哇！可這個維多利亞不也是個雜種嗎，原來她的母親本是德意志一個小公國的寡婦，後來嫁到了英國王室。女王從小就在日耳曼人的教養下長大，母語說德語，英語一輩子也說得不地道。登基三年後又嫁給她所狂熱崇拜的一位母系的表弟——不消說，那是個純種日耳曼，狼子野心、非我族類無疑的嘍！此後更加封親王，倚之為左右手，批閱公文，干預朝政，（嗚呼，大權旁落，一至於斯！）然而天哪，正是這一對野夫婦，文治武功，創造出英國歷史上最輝煌的黃金時代！中國的中山路、中山堂、中山大、中山醫科大……已經夠多的啦，而以她維多利亞命名的，更遍及英、加、澳、亞、非諸多地域，還要多得多啊。英國人拿勝利、勇氣、恆心、真理、母性、正義、科學與文藝、和平與進步……幾乎所有想得到的頌辭，都奉獻給了她，親王也同樣地世世代代倍受尊崇。你們瞧這個國民有多賤！其實，維多利亞的意義不僅限於英國。十八世紀，世界文明的重心在巴黎；十九世紀三十年代以後，即進入維多利亞時代，世界文明的重心到了倫敦。
以上這一類故事並不僅限於英國。我們知道古代日耳曼本是一個游牧民族，精壯男子去外邊打仗，不斷奪取新的土地，然後整個部落，男女老少，不斷地易地遷居。他們極其重視榮譽，而這種榮譽是建立在比狠斗勇上邊，認為掠奪、流血得來的財物，遠比誠實勞動——流汗得來的光榮。所以打仗——掠奪，便成了生活的至高目的。為了搶劫不惜殺身成仁，捨生取義，血流成河，何等的悲壯！公元前一○二年，二十萬條頓人於今法國馬賽附近幾乎全數被殲，死屍之多，居民不得不用白骨去砌葡萄園的藩籬。次年另一支日耳曼人在義大利北部犧牲更為慘烈，不單男人個個戰死不屈，婦女們也成群先殺死自己的孩子，然後自刎。而歐洲人脈管中涌動著的，正是古羅馬人（也是好戰的種族）和古日耳曼人的血液！由此我們得知，如同漢民族這樣死守著東亞一大片腹地，老子說「夫唯兵者不詳之器」，墨子主張「非攻」，勤勤懇懇地從事農耕；三千年來各種民族成份無太大變動地延續了下來，雖足堪自豪，卻並非世界人類史的唯一模式。
固然，王室皇族之間跨國互通嫁娶在歐洲的歷史中據有特殊的地位，甚至曾經與民族國家之逐步形成同步進行，這一點本來同中國不大相同。即便是如此，從以上我們仍然可以得知，英國人是把宗教信仰、經濟、政治的現實利益，以及實際政績，看得高於抽象的民族感情的。所以像漢族這樣，將對民族的忠貞當作超乎一切最高的價值標准，不惜擲頭顱灑熱血，赴湯蹈火；譬如從明末無數忠義之士壯烈殉國，清初到處反清復明，直鬧到秋瑾，乃至孫中山還要靠黑社會排滿起家，並不是人類文明史惟一的模式。
中國村只是地球上的一個角落，行善的人喜歡說「將心比心」，將心比心無疑是非常之好的；但是若認為鄰村的善惡標准、價值取向，也應當同自己的一模一樣，那便要謬誤千里了。今天，跨在廿一世紀門檻上的我國青少年理應知己知彼，對這個多元的世界，對其他各個國家不同的歷史，有更多的了解，具更博大的眼光，更寬闊的胸懷，以便當一個不至於丟人現眼的地球公民。愛國主義源於普遍的人性，民族沙文主義則要不得。
歷史家皮名舉有言「不學本國史不知道中國的偉大，不學西洋史不知道中國的落後」。信哉！
⑽ 求英語電影論文
《Alexander》about it. ——《亞歷山大大帝》觀後感~
I am a student, study more onerous task to all immersed in a pile, thick book of other aspects of knowledge about nature also less. In order to broaden their horizons, when choosing courses, I usually choose some human science classes. Remember when a friend gave high school had a Greek mythology to me, that is, from the book, I see a god of the mind and I've also is the traditional Chinese religion in the image of god is completely different. Greek mythology of the gods of the people who have thoughts, feelings, and the joy of the people, sadness, jealous, have fear. But god is the Oriental religions in, or even omnipotent, is ordinary mortals cannot be achieved. But because those books and the names of the gods and long, sometimes make me confused, I eventually failed to read the book. Myth, of course, is part of the culture of the classical Greek, in order to understand with many Greek mythology, when he saw the ancient Greek culture, when elective without hesitation, I chose. Fortunately, I choose. Through a study of the semester, although no Greek culture and in-depth understanding of ancient Greece, but the experienced periods have probably know for certain period of development, the typical of the political system, cultural phenomenon also have certain knowledge, I think is good harvest. Of course, the teacher said to the final paper to write, I still feel a bit silly, I don't know what good, because although much knowledge of ancient Greece, but to really understand some of the problems one write an essay, I think my knowledge is not enough. Just recently saw "Alexander of Alexander's life", interest, but to know before Alexander, so you have to find some information, and some of the facts is mentioned below from these materials, not do annotation.
Video introction
Alexander the great was about the history of the world's first emperor Alexander conquered Eurasian of life. Alexander BC, in Macedonian king is 3.56 Philip ii, once studied Aristotle, 19 years old father was assassinated succession to the throne. He first, then pacify defeated the Persian empire, began 22,000 miles of conquest. 25 years old, Alexander had established including the Nile valley, dry peninsula and the Ins civilization across Europe in Asia, but the Alexander under age 33 because inexplicable disease die suddenly.
In this film, Alexander the great friend (Anthony Hopkins ptolemaic general) through memory, the emperor's will as life. Forty years ago, Hollywood has taken Alexander, but only about his hero. The new version, full of adventure and dream from the childhood, thrust his parents fight, then the sad for him by Aristotle and mapping lesson, graally to his invicible paving the way to conquer. This is the life of the vivid characterization.
The director of Alexander oliver stone said: "this is probably the biggest challenges in my life, hope can make it much objective." In order to do this, stone is hard. Rafer specially invited professor of the university of Oxford robin Ryan fox as the historical consultant. The fox is research of Alexander the great expert, once wrote biographies of Alexander, sales of more than 100 million copies. He accepted the invitation gladly, but a condition, is to them in the emperor's elite cavalry, and must stand in the front of the team, he "fight" for Alexander dream.
Stone has invited the ancient linguists, tries to make some of the lines to real effect. Language Fox watched the movie said after school and historical scholars should get there watching for discussion.
However, if the movie history book, it obviously lost as the value of the movie. "Alexander" in the context of history, the plot details on again. Films, Alexander's father told him: a woman more dangerous than men, as the king had hurt his lover, Mother kept his place before him, said his father. Without these details on the history, but the parents struggle was mentioned. Alexander, such as wedding night, the bride almost killed him, although not in the historical lee, but the bride was defeated by Alexander, daughter of darius, the plot and have confidence. Therefore, the writer's creation that is reasonable, no violation of history.In addition, the recent history of the new viewpoint about Alexander historiography, more and more absorbed some characters, appear very full.
A pursuit of dreams
Above has been mentioned in the film, and the understanding of Alexander before, so he is the first impression from the movie, here is to put the matter what facts. Admittedly, the film Alexander some arbitrary, even some cold, but sometimes think conversely, if no such a domineering, pride and resolute, he can become a history of Chinese strategists hoyywood hills? However, I want to discuss and not his military command art, but his pursuit of dreams and in the process which reflects personality, it is exciting and amazing. If someone was born, this man is the conqueror Alexander. As a great soldier son, Alexander had been instilled many heroism and high adventure stories. He can reel off in the early lead, read Homer in the shelter of personality and lyrics. Whether in the house or in the battlefield, he had a pillow YiLiYaTe "with him to sleep. He led his Greek soldiers and defeated the Persian empire, strong and continue to crusade. Along the way, he and his army met with human body is similar, but what we know, hair, it is a monkey. They rode on large and those of the east, the elephant who had never seen defeated the monster. Of course, though, Alexander the great personality charm, many of his soldiers to fight for Alexander has faith, but for a long time, the journey of hard driving, the warriors who still alive and tired, they obviously very to return to his country and so on the roster appeared, the army also appeared a mutiny. One section, I is very impressive, when he determined to continue to advance in India, unwilling to part soldiers, one of the important general said a touching, they finally wish is only in them to the soldiers who died superempirical essence and meet them before the meeting, the wife and children. Alexander said: "yes, you're right, I, Ross, negligence. Should I send you back as soon as possible, all pensions from me to send, respected and wealthy, love, in the rest of you will be his wife and son of a hero, finally died peacefully. But your dreams, Ross, you, the simple, early in your child's life with Persia, with gold and silver in your pockets stuffed with you when you love, because it can destroy everything in the life of a man!" , kelat rose that touching words some long, here I will not lead to, but when I'm hearing his words, I was really touched by it and feel a mortal ordinary and true feelings, in my opinion, that he was not too. Then, Alexander the retort that enthusiasm, yes, Alexander and their pursuit of something different, he pursues the sun rays, the pursuit of great, so the life of ease, money and enjoy attractive for him, he defeated the Persian empire, Babylon the great wealth, costly court life and can't baffel him to continue the expedition.
Just after the movie's feelings, then some literatures on Alexander's expedition, some of the objective a detailed analysis. According to the data, Alexander expedition, he himself has said the Persian, and had ravaged sanctuary in Greece was assassinated Philip ii, the purpose is the expedition, revenge against the Persian stronger. But the specific analysis, find the reason for the expedition is just an excuse. Firstly, the assassination of the killer waves Philip ii, paulson and no relationship with the Persian empire. O Nebuchadnezzar, paulson wave is a young aristocrat, he and Philip ii, the generals have personal in Dallas. Whatever wave, is of Nebuchadnezzar's, but he SiYuan what action, really have no direct connection with the Persian empire. Alexander said he was assassinated in Persia, Philip ii, historical records on no. Secondly, from the assassination of Nebuchadnezzar, wave, paulson to Philip ii, so the action in advance of horses prepared assassination scene, it shows that he really otherwise conspiracy. Third, revenge is only according to Greek long-standing extremely extensive mental state, as to stimulate the greeks into the slogan of the Persian.
Anyway, I think it is worth affirmation, Alexander the great dream, in order to realize its can not wealth, enjoy thier rance and courage to explore the unknown.
2 Tim HeFei and about Alexander, RON
Alexander the great films, especially sexual orientation private life a lot dispute. In fact, he HeFei and ask the relationship, and I was at the movies process has been very puzzled, why history so great a character is gay? Believe that many people have the same doubts.However, when I accidentally see teacher site of excellent assignments exploring ancient Greek young titled "love", I feel like a life. For the love of the young this phenomenon from different aspects. First is the ancient greeks aesthetic idea. Ancient Greece is extremely attractive appearance and the worship of strong and handsome figure, in this respect, they don't care, as long as the male sex "golden hair, jiongjiongweishen eyes, ruddy complexion, strong muscle, broad shoulders." He must be able to attract others' eyes and love. Beautiful young completely meet greeks aesthetic standards and, in some cases, the young beauty of man can be less attractive girl. Secondly, the ancient Greek culture condition is the root of young love. The ancient culture and modern culture and the fundamental difference between the ancients to men, women, children in the man's eyes is only the mother and the family business managers. The ancient greeks regarded the spirit of man is the center of activities, they think that the girl was not what ecation, this kind of situation is caused by a woman because ecation condition, the cultural resources, and the spirit world of ancient Greek men spirit grades. This kind of social status can appear a situation: men and women together only flirting with youth, and can be found in the heart. They are likely to rationally between the dialogue lies not only in the young, beautiful, because they have more abundant knowledge and talent. Therefore, in ancient Greece appeared a modern difficult to understand customs: every man have attracted a boy or a young man, and in close daily life as his tutor, guardian and friends, also encouraged him to study all noble character. If any man have deceived than his little boy, will be considered not perform ties of a man, No one can get to a young man of friendship is a shame for. This kind of social and cultural customs in promoting cultural and ideological progress in a little deeper, to help build social moral standards have contribution. We can not surprised to find that most firmly hold the view that homosexuality is the most important and the most influential cultural elite of ancient Greece. At this point, even the spirit of love, Socrates also no exception.
In addition, a professor of the university of Oxford robin Ryan fox in the privacy of Alexander is explained. He said, Alexander has three wives, and his mistress, four grow up together, carry the HeFei partners have homosexual relations, and the one who Persian royal eunuch very close. The fox said, many of these ancient historians recorded the plot, compared with these records could be understatement. While these sparked controversy, because of different age has different view. Ancient Greece, polygamy and homosexuality is normal, Christian Europe, strict monogamy was established, homosexuality was considered evil, so, if we use today's morality to request more than 2,000 years ago, the ancients are serious distortion.
Want to use words to summarize the feeling after see: "bravely to pursue their dreams!"